從表麵上看,克服語言障礙是…
Sacubitril/纈沙坦是一種奈普利利素抑製劑(Sacubitril)和AT1受體阻滯劑(纈沙坦)的固定劑量組合,稱為血管緊張素受體-奈普利利素抑製劑(ARNi)。它的適應症是治療射血分數降低的心力衰竭。
有庫欣綜合征、心肌梗死(MI)、graves病史的中年婦女;疾病和HFrEF(繼發於先前的心肌梗塞,射血分數最初為29%,經藥物治療後為45%)在與心髒科醫生的例行隨訪中被發現有嚴重的低鈉血症。7年前,她因庫欣氏綜合征接受了左腎上腺切除術,之後皮質醇水平正常。她發達Graves’疾病6年……
醫生在讓病人出院時不斷做出艱難的決定。對糟糕的結果發出警告可能有助於做出這一決定。本研究評估了一種用於預測急診科(ED)出院患者30天死亡率的機器學習模型。< / p > < /秒> We retrospectively analysed visits of adult patients discharged from a single ED (1/2014–12/2018). Data included demographics, evaluation and treatment in the ED, and discharge diagnosis. The data comprised of both structured and free-text fields. A gradient boosting model was trained to predict mortality within 30 days of release from the ED. The model was trained on data from the years 2014–2017 and validated on data from the year 2018. In order to reduce potential end-of-life bias, a subgroup analysis was performed for non-oncological patients. Overall, 363 635 ED visits of discharged patients were analysed. The 30-day mortality rate was 0.8%. A majority of the mortality cases (65.3%) had a known oncological disease. The model yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.97) for predicting 30-day mortality. For a sensitivity of 84% (95% CI 0.81 to 0.86), this model had a false positive rate of 1:20. For patients without a known malignancy, the model yielded an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.95). Although not frequent, patients may die following ED discharge. Machine learning-based tools may help ED physicians identify patients at risk. An optimised decision for hospitalisation or palliative management may improve patient care and system resource allocation.
越來越多的證據表明,感染因素在腦卒中的發展中起著重要作用。人巨細胞病毒(HCMV)感染與動脈粥樣硬化和高血壓呈正相關,這是卒中的危險因素。因此,我們旨在利用美國國家健康和營養檢查調查(NHANES)的數據來探討HCMV感染與腦卒中之間的關係。
我們分析了NHANES 1999–2004中2844名男性和3257名女性的數據。我們納入的參與者年齡為20歲和49歲,有HCMV感染和中風的有效數據。< / p > < /秒> 54.1% of participants had serological evidence of HCMV infection and 0.8% of them had a previous diagnosis of stroke. There were ethnic differences in the prevalence of HCMV seropositivity (p<0.001). There was no significant association between HCMV seropositivity and stroke in men in any of the models. In women, HCMV seropositivity was associated with stroke before adjustment (OR=3.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 10.95, p=0.036). After adjusting for race/ethnicity, the association remained significant (OR=4.40, 95% CI 1.37 to 14.09, p=0.014). After further adjustment for body mass index, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity, the association still existed (OR=3.58, 95% CI 1.14 to 11.25, p=0.030). The association was significant consistently in adjusted model for age (OR=3.39, 95% CI 1.08 to 10.64, p=0.037). We found a strong association between HCMV and stroke in women from the nationally representative population-based survey. This provide additional motivation for undertaking the difficult challenge to reduce the prevalence of stroke.
術後房顫(POAF)是約10%的大肺切除術中公認的並發症。為了最佳的針對性術前治療,本研究旨在確定肺切除術患者POAF的發生率與手術和解剖因素的關係,如手術入路、切除範圍和側度。< / p > < /秒> Evaluation of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation in Thoracic surgery (EPAFT): a multicentre, population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study including 1367 patients undergoing lung resections between April 2016 and March 2017. The primary outcome was the presence of POAF following resection. POAF was defined as at least one episode of symptomatic or asymptomatic AF confirmed by ECG within 7 days from the thoracic procedure or prior to discharge from the hospital. POAF was observed in 7.4% of patients: 3.1% in minor resection (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS): 2.5%; thoracotomy: 3.8%), 9.0% in simple lobectomy (VATS: 7.3%, thoracotomy: 9.9%), 6.0% in complex resection (thoracotomy: 6.3%) and 11.4% in pneumonectomy. POAF was higher in left (4.0%) vs right (2.4%) minor resections, and in left (9.9%) vs right (8.3%) lobectomy, but higher in right (7.5%) complex resections, and the highest in right pneumonectomy (17.6%). No significant variations were observed as per sex, laterality or resected lobes. A positive univariable and multivariable association was observed for increasing age and increasing extent of resection, but not thoracotomy. Median (Q1–Q3) hospital stay was 9 (7–14) days in POAF and 5 (4–7) days in non-AF patients (p<0.001), with an increased cerebrovascular accident burden (p<0.001) and long-term mortality (p<0.001). Among patients undergoing lung resection, POAF was significantly associated with age, increasing invasiveness of approach and increasing extent of resection. In addition, POAF carried a significant long-term mortality rate and burden of cerebrovascular accident. Appropriate prophylaxis should be targeted at these groups.
哮喘是一種常見的兒童疾病,常伴有慢性咳嗽。在評估慢性咳嗽時,許多專家通過基線胸片(CR)來評估其他原因。通常讀作“正常”,有時CRs會以細微發現的形式顯示氣道炎症的證據,如間質標記增加。或《;支氣管旁thickening’。在門診環境中,很少有關於基線CRs與不良結果(如全身類固醇使用、急診就診或住院)相關的文獻。
這是一項在我們機構的兒科肺科門診所見的患者的回顧性研究。我們回顧了2015年1月至2017年12月就診的所有年齡為0 - 18歲的新患者的圖表。如果患者被診斷為哮喘,首次就診後出現CR,並接受至少兩次隨訪,則納入研究。不良結果包括全身使用類固醇、急診科就診或住院。
共納入130名受試者。89名受試者有明確的CRs, 41名受試者有伴有氣道炎症的CRs。氣道炎症組總體事件發生率較高(分別為22.5% vs 46.3%, p<0.0058)。 There were no significant differences between in terms of oral corticosteroid use or hospitalisations. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of ED visits (2.2% vs 14.6%, respectively, p=0.0121).
This study shows a positive correlation between airway inflammation findings on baseline CR and subsequent ED visits in patients with asthma.
比較電子學習包與理論教學對研究生和本科醫學生學習室上性心動過速管理能力的影響。
我們在兩所威爾士醫學院進行了一項隨機、對照的研究。參與者是剛畢業的研究生和醫學院本科生,他們被隨機分配(以1:1的比例),要麼接受1小時的電子學習包培訓,要麼接受1小時的授課教學。結果是通過完成幹預前、幹預後立即和幹預後2周的問卷調查,對每組內和組間的知識評估得分中位數進行比較。
在可進行隨機分組的97名參與者中,47人使用e-learning包進行教學,50人在講座組進行教學。電子學習包組的中位分數高於授課組,盡管這種差異沒有統計學意義(4.00 vs 3.00;P =0.08)。幹預後2周,電子學習包組的中位數得分顯著高於授課組的中位數得分(4.00 vs 3.00;p = 0.002)。盡管一項結果的亞分析顯示,與電子學習組的受試者相比,講座組的受試者報告了更多的病例(32對13;p = 0.002)。此外,接受授課式教學的組在兩周內得分顯著下降,但使用電子學習包的組沒有這種下降。< / p > < /秒> E-learning seems to be the preferred method of learning and the method that confers longer retention time for both postgraduate and undergraduate medical students.
社會經濟剝奪與健康不平等有關。以前的研究已經描述了初級保健處方率和剝奪個別藥物或藥物類別之間的聯係。我們探討了在英國初級保健中,社會經濟剝奪與個人藥物處方率和藥物類別之間的相關性,以確定需要進一步調查的處方不平等。
我們包括了來自6896個英國診所的10.5億處方項目。142/206(69%)藥物類別和505/774(65%)藥物與IMD評分顯著相關(p<5x10–5)。在納入的774種藥物中,31種(4%)與IMD評分呈正相關(>0.4)。隻有一個與IMD評分呈中度負相關(<–0.4),表明在更富裕的地區處方率更高。與IMD評分最密切相關的藥物類別包括阿片類和非阿片類鎮痛藥、抗精神病藥物和反流藥物。與富裕程度最密切相關的藥物類別包括腎上腺素、聯合口服避孕藥和激素替代療法。
我們發現了處方與剝奪的新聯係。 Further work is required to identify the underlying reasons for these associations so that appropriate interventions can be formulated to address drivers of inequality.
Tweets containing the #FOAMed hashtag posted during a 24-hour period in April 2020 were studied. Included tweets were analysed using the Wiig knowledge management cycle framework (building knowledge, holding knowledge, pooling knowledge and using knowledge).
1379 tweets contained the #FOAMed hashtag, of which 265 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Included tweets were posted from 208 distinct users, originated from each world continent and were in five different languages. Three overarching themes were identified: (1) signposting and appraising evidence and guidelines; (2) sharing specialist and technical advice; and (3) personal and social engagement. Among 12 subthemes within these groupings, 11 aligned to one of the four dimensions of the Wiig knowledge management cycle framework, and the other focused on building and managing social networks. Almost 40% of tweets related directly to COVID-19.
#FOAMed tweets during the COVID-19 pandemic included a broad range of resources, advice and support. Despite the geographical, language and disciplinary variation of contributing users and the lack of organisational structure uniting them, this social media medical community has been able to construct, share and use emerging technical knowledge through a time of extraordinary challenge and uncertainty for the global medical community.
基於問卷的研究使用在線調查工具進行分發。問卷調查了醫生的星座、專業偏好和性格特征。
2020年2月至3月期間,1923名醫生作出了回應。在不同的醫學專業之間觀察到人格類型的差異,內向者在腫瘤學(71.4%)和風濕病學(65.4%)中占較高比例,而外向者在性健康(55%)、消化病學(44.4%)和婦產科(44.2%)中占較高比例(p<0.01)。每個專業的星座比例也各不相同;例如,心髒病專家更可能是獅子座而白羊座(14.4% vs 3.9%, p=0.047),內科醫生更可能是摩羯座而不是水瓶座(10.4% vs 6.7%, p=0.02),產科和婦科醫生更可能是雙魚座而不是射手座(17.5% vs 0%, p=0.036)。重症監護是最常見的第二選擇職業,但這在星座和專業之間也有所不同。使用鋼筆與外向性(p=0.049)和胃腸病(p<0.01)相關。
個性類型在不同的專長中是不同的。這可能與星座有關,值得進一步調查。< / p > < /秒>
green…
COVID-19大流行使得麵對患者的醫護人員必須使用增強型個人防護裝備(PPE)。我們描述了持續使用增強型個人防護裝備的衛生保健專業人員對身心健康的影響。< / p > < /秒> We conducted a single-centre, cross-sectional study among healthcare professionals who use enhanced PPE. A web-based questionnaire was disseminated to evaluate the effects on individuals’ physical and mental well-being. Physical and mental impact was assessed through a visual analogue scale. Prospective analysis of the views of 72 respondents is reported. 63.9% were women and 36.1% were men. Physical impact included exhaustion, headache, skin changes, breathlessness and a negative impact on vision. Communication difficulties, somnolence, negative impact on overall performance and difficulties in using surgical instrumentation were reported. Our study demonstrates the undeniable negative impact on the front-line healthcare workers using enhanced PPE and lays the ground for larger multicentric assessments given for it to potentially be the norm for the foreseeable future.
The DIAzePAM (harder és des Auteurs & grave;la Publication d’Articles;dicaux)一項法國調查突出了研究人員在準備……